324.41301. Definitions; possession of live organism
324.41302. Addition to or deletion from list of prohibited or restricted species; issuance of order; procedure; emergency orders
324.41302a. Permitted aquatic species list - 324.41302a. Repealed by P.A.2018, No. 451, § 1, Eff. March 21, 2019
324.41303. Possession of live prohibited or restricted species; prohibition; exceptions; notice requirements
324.41305. Introduction of prohibited or restricted species, genetically engineered or nonnative bird, crustacean, fish, insect, mammal, mollusk, or aquatic plant; prohibition; exceptions
324.41301. Definitions; possession of live organism
Sec. 41301. (1) As used in this part:
(a) “Amphibian” means any frog, toad, or salamander of the class Amphibia.
(b) “Aquatic”, except as used in subdivision (q), describes an amphibian, crustacean, fish, mollusk, reptile, wiggler, or aquatic plant.
(c) “Aquatic plant” means a submergent, emergent, obligate wetland, facultative wetland, or floating-leaf plant or a fragment thereof, including a seed or other propagule. Aquatic plant does not include wild rice (Zizania aquatica or Zizania palustris).
(d) “Crustacean” means freshwater crayfish, shrimp, or prawn of the order Decapoda.
(e) “Genetically engineered” refers to an organism whose genome, chromosomal or extrachromosomal, is modified permanently and heritably, using recombinant nucleic acid techniques, or the progeny of such an organism.(f) “Introduce”, with reference to an organism, means to knowingly and willfully stock, place, plant, release, or allow the release of the organism in this state at any specific location where the organism is not already naturalized.
(g) “Mollusk” means any mollusk of the classes Bivalvia and Gastropoda.
(h) “Native” means indigenous to any location in this state.
(i) “Nonaquatic” describes a bird, insect other than a wiggler, or mammal.
(j) “Nonnative” means not native.
(k) “Prohibited species”, subject to section 41302,1 means any of the following:
(i) Any of the following prohibited species of aquatic plant, including a hybrid or genetically engineered variant of the species:
(A) African oxygen weed (Lagarosiphon major).
(B) Brazilian elodea (Egeria densa).
(C) Cylindro (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii).
(D) European frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae).
(E) Fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana).
(F) Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta, auriculata, biloba, or herzogii).
(G) Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata).
(H) Parrot's feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum).
(I) Starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa).
(J) Water chestnut (Trapa natans).
(K) Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata).
(ii) Any of the following prohibited species of terrestrial plant, including a hybrid or genetically engineered variant of the species or a fragment, including a seed or other propagule, of the species or of a hybrid or genetically engineered variant:
(A) Giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum).
(B) Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica).
(iii) The following prohibited bird species, including a hybrid or genetically engineered variant of the species or an egg of the species or of a hybrid or genetically engineered variant: Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto).
(iv) The following prohibited crustacean species, including a hybrid or genetically engineered variant of the species or an egg of the species or of a hybrid or genetically engineered variant: rusty crayfish (Faxonious resticus, formerly Orconectes rusticus).
(v) Any of the following prohibited fish species, including a hybrid or genetically engineered variant of the species or an egg of the species or of a hybrid or genetically engineered variant:
(A) Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis).
(B) Bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus).
(C) Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus).
(D) Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus).
(E) Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).
(F) Ide (Leuciscus idus).
(G) Japanese weatherfish (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus).
(H) Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus).
(I) Rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus).
(J) Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix).
(K) A fish of the snakehead family (family Channidae).
(L) Tench (Tinca tinca).
(M) Tubenose goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus).
(vi) Any of the following prohibited insect species, including a hybrid or genetically engineered variant of the species or an egg of the species or of a hybrid or genetically engineered variant:
(A) Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis).
(B) Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).
(vii) The following prohibited mammal species, including a hybrid or genetically engineered variant: nutria (Myocastor coypus).
(viii) Any of the following prohibited mollusk species, including a hybrid or genetically engineered variant of the species or an egg of the species or of a hybrid or genetically engineered variant:
(A) Brown garden snail (Helix aspersa).
(B) Carthusian snail (Monacha cartusiana).
(C) Giant African snail (Achatina fulica).
(D) Girdled snail (Hygromia cinctella).
(E) Heath snail (Xerolenta obvia).
(F) Wrinkled dune snail (Candidula intersecta).
(l) “Recombinant nucleic acid techniques” means laboratory techniques through which genetic material is isolated and manipulated in vitro and then inserted into an organism.
(m) “Relevant commission”, “relevant department”, or “relevant director” means the following:
(i) With respect to a species other than a plant or insect, but including a wiggler, the natural resources commission, department of natural resources, or the director of the department of natural resources, respectively.
(ii) With respect to a plant species or insect species, other than a wiggler, the commission of agriculture and rural development, the department of agriculture and rural development, or the director of the department of agriculture and rural development, respectively.
(n) “Reptile” means any turtle, snake, or lizard of the class Reptilia.
(o) “Restricted species”, subject to section 41302, means any of the following:
(i) Any of the following restricted species of aquatic plant, including a hybrid or genetically engineered variant of the species:
(A) Curly leaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus).
(B) Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum).
(C) Flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus).
(D) Phragmites or common reed (Phragmites australis).
(E) Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), except that cultivars of purple loosestrife developed and recognized to be sterile and approved by the director of the department of agriculture and rural development under section 16a of the insect pest and plant disease act, 1931 PA 189, MCL 286.216a, are not a restricted species.
(ii) The following restricted species of terrestrial plant, including a hybrid or genetically engineered variant of the species or a fragment, including a seed or other propagule, of the species or of a hybrid or genetically engineered variant: autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata).
(iii) Any of the following restricted mollusk species, including a hybrid or genetically engineered variant of the species or an egg of the species or of a hybrid or genetically engineered variant:
(A) Quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis).
(B) Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha).
(p) “Watercraft” means any conveyance used or designed for navigation on water, including, but not limited to, any vessel, ship, boat, motor vessel, steam vessel, vessel operated by machinery, motorboat, sailboat, barge, scow, tugboat, and rowboat.
(q) “Wiggler” means an aquatic egg, nymph, or larva of an insect.
(2) For the purposes of this part:
(a) A person is not considered to possess a live organism simply because the organism is present on land or in waters owned by that person unless the person has knowingly introduced that live organism on that land or in those waters.
(b) A person is not considered to possess a live organism if the organism was obtained from the environment and the person only possesses the organism at the specific location at which it was obtained from the environment.
(c) A person is not considered to possess a live organism if the possession is for the purpose of promptly destroying the organism.
Credits
P.A.1994, No. 451, § 41301, added by P.A.2003, No. 270, Eff. March 30, 2004. Amended by P.A.2005, No. 77, Imd. Eff. July 19, 2005; P.A.2009, No. 51, Eff. Sept. 21, 2009; P.A.2014, No. 358, Imd. Eff. Dec. 9, 2014; P.A.2014, No. 537, Eff. April 15, 2015; P.A.2018, No. 451, Eff. March 21, 2019.
Footnotes
1 M.C.L.A. § 324.41302.
324.41302. Addition to or deletion from list of prohibited or restricted species; issuance of order; procedure; emergency orders
Sec. 41302. (1) The relevant commission may by order add to or delete a species from the list of prohibited species or restricted species under section 41301.1 Before the natural resources commission issues an order under this subsection, it shall consult with the department of agriculture and rural development. Before the commission of agriculture and rural development issues an order under this subsection, it shall consult with the department of natural resources. After the consultation, and at least 30 days before the relevant commission issues the order, the relevant department shall post a copy of the proposed order on the relevant department's website and shall submit a copy of the proposed order to all of the following:
(a) The legislature.
(b) The standing committees of the senate and house of representatives with primary responsibility for any of the following:
(i) Agricultural issues.
(ii) Environmental issues.
(iii) Natural resources issues.
(2) The relevant commission shall list a nonaquatic species as a prohibited species or restricted species if the relevant commission determines the following:
(a) For a nonaquatic prohibited species, all of the following requirements are met:
(i) The organism is not native.
(ii) The organism is not naturalized in this state or, if naturalized, is not widely distributed in this state.
(iii) Based on a risk assessment, any of the following apply:
(A) The organism has the potential to harm human health or to harm natural, agricultural, or silvicultural resources.
(B) Effective management or control techniques for the organism are not available.
(b) For a nonaquatic restricted species, all of the following requirements are met:
(i) The organism is not native.
(ii) The organism is naturalized and widely distributed in this state.
(iii) Based on a risk assessment, any of the following apply:
(A) The organism has the potential to harm human health or to harm natural, agricultural, or silvicultural resources.
(B) Effective management or control techniques for the organism are available.
(3) The relevant commission shall list an aquatic species as a prohibited species or restricted species if the relevant commission determines the following based on a review by the relevant department:
(a) For an aquatic prohibited species, all of the following requirements are met:
(i) The organism is not native or is genetically engineered.
(ii) The organism is not naturalized in this state or, if naturalized, is not widely distributed.
(iii) Based on a risk assessment, any of the following apply:
(A) The organism has the potential to harm human health or to severely harm natural, agricultural, or silvicultural resources.
(B) Effective management or control techniques for the organism are not available.
(b) For an aquatic restricted species, all of the following requirements are met:
(i) The organism is not native.
(ii) The organism is naturalized in this state.
(iii) Based on a risk assessment, any of the following apply:
(A) The organism has the potential to harm human health or to harm natural, agricultural, or silvicultural resources.
(B) Effective management or control techniques for the organism are available.
(4) The following apply to a review by the relevant department of an aquatic species for listing as a prohibited species or restricted species under subsection (3):
(a) The relevant department shall review each aquatic animal listed or delisted as injurious wildlife under the Lacey act, 16 USC 3371 to 3378, and each aquatic plant designated or removed from designation as a noxious weed under the plant protection act, title IV of Public Law 106-224, for listing or delisting as a prohibited species or restricted species within 180 days after the change in federal listing or designation.
(b) The relevant department shall review each aquatic species that has the potential to harm human health or natural, agricultural, or silvicultural resources for listing as a prohibited species or restricted species even if the species is not currently on either federal list described in subdivision (a).
(c) The relevant department may review other aquatic species for listing as prohibited or restricted species.
(5) The relevant director may issue an emergency order designating an organism as a prohibited species or restricted species if the organism has the potential to harm human health or to severely harm natural, agriculture, or silvicultural resources. An emergency order is effective for 90 days or a shorter period if specified in the order. The relevant department shall do all of the following:
(a) Post a proposed emergency order on its website and otherwise publicize the proposed emergency order in a manner that ensures that interested persons are provided notice of the proposed emergency order, the reasons for the emergency order, and the proposed effective date of the order.
(b) Provide a copy of the proposed emergency order to each member of the standing committees of the senate and the house of representatives that consider legislation pertaining to conservation, the environment, recreation, tourism, or natural resources.
(c) Post the final emergency order on its website.
(6) The relevant department may issue an order setting forth the conditions under which naturalized organisms of an aquatic restricted species may be harvested, possessed, and transported.
Credits
P.A.1994, No. 451, § 41302, added by P.A.2009, No. 52, Eff. Sept. 21, 2009. Amended by P.A.2014, No. 537, Eff. April 15, 2015; P.A.2018, No. 451, Eff. March 21, 2019.
Footnotes
1 M.C.L.A. § 324.41301.
324.41302a. Permitted aquatic species list - 324.41302a. Repealed by P.A.2018, No. 451, § 1, Eff. March 21, 2019
Former Text:
Sec. 41302a. (1) By April 15, 2019, the department of natural resources and the department of agriculture and rural development, after consultation and notice in the same manner as required of the respective commission under section 41302(1),1 shall each create a permitted species list for aquatic species for which it is the relevant department. Together, these lists compose the permitted aquatic species list. The initial permitted aquatic species list shall consist of all of the following:
(a) All species on the list of approved species for aquaculture under section 5 of the Michigan aquaculture development act, 1996 PA 199, MCL 286.875, on April 15, 2015 or that are approved under a research permit under section 8 of the Michigan aquaculture development act, 1996 PA 199, MCL 286.878, on April 15, 2015.
(b) All native aquatic species, other than aquatic plants, that by April 15, 2015 were, as live organisms, lawfully in commercial trade in this state. By April 15, 2016, the department of natural resources, in consultation with affected industries, shall determine which aquatic species qualify under this subdivision.
(c) All nonnative aquatic species, other than aquatic plants, that by April 15, 2015 were, as live organisms, lawfully in wide commercial trade in this state for at least 5 years, if there is no evidence of the species causing harm to human health or natural, agricultural, or silvicultural resources in the Great Lakes region. For the purposes of this subdivision and subdivision (d), by April 15, 2016, the department of natural resources, in consultation with affected industries, shall determine which aquatic species qualify under this subdivision.
(d) All nonnative aquatic species, other than aquatic plants, that by April 15, 2015 were, as live organisms, lawfully in commercial trade in this state, that do not meet the requirements of subdivision (c), but that are approved by the department of natural resources based on a risk assessment under subsection (2). By April 15, 2019, the department of natural resources shall perform the risk assessment and approve or disapprove the assessed species for listing as permitted aquatic species.
(e) All aquatic plants, native or nonnative, that by April 15, 2015 were, as live organisms, lawfully in commercial trade in this state. By April 15, 2016, the department of agriculture and rural development, in consultation with affected industries including the horticulture industry, shall determine which aquatic plants qualify under this subdivision.
(2) To perform a risk assessment on an aquatic species other than an aquatic plant, the department of natural resources shall use the risk assessment aquatic protocol developed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, aquatic fisheries and resources program. The natural resources commission shall periodically review and may modify or replace the assessment protocol by order consistent with the purposes of this part.
(3) To perform a risk assessment on an aquatic plant, the department of agriculture and rural development shall use the plant protection and quarantine (PPQ) weed risk assessment protocol developed by the United States Department of Agriculture's Plant Protection and Quarantine, Plant Epidemiology, and Risk Analysis Laboratory, Raleigh, North Carolina. Each aquatic plant cultivar, variety, or hybrid shall be assessed separately. The commission of agriculture and rural development shall periodically review and may modify or replace the assessment protocol by order consistent with the purposes of this part.
(4) If an aquatic species that was not previously a prohibited or restricted species under this part does not pass the risk assessment for permitted species under this section and is reviewed under section 41302(4)(e) and placed on the prohibited species list or restricted species list, any person involved in the commercialization or sale of an aquatic species that possesses live organisms of that prohibited or restricted species shall be compensated at fair market value by this state for the loss of that species product in the person's possession in this state when the species was placed on the prohibited species list or restricted species list.
(5) Aquatic species that on April 15, 2015 are, as live organisms, not in commercial trade in this state or are unknown to or unanticipated by the relevant department may be added to the permitted species list upon evaluation using the risk assessment procedure described under subsection (2) or (3), as applicable. After the creation of the initial permitted species list, any person involved in the commercialization or sale of aquatic species may petition the relevant department to review and add a new aquatic species to the permitted species list for future commercialization and sale in this state.
The petitioner has the burden of demonstrating that the species passes the risk assessment under subsection (2) or (3), as applicable. The petitioner shall provide information that is requested by the relevant department to perform the risk assessment. Any prior background materials generated as a result of a federal agency review and identified by the petitioner shall be considered by the department.
The petitioner shall pay a reasonable fee that does not exceed the administrative costs for the relevant department to review the petitioned species. The relevant department may, but is not required to, review on its own initiative an aquatic species for placement on the permitted species list.
Credits
P.A.1994, No. 451, § 41302a, added by P.A.2014, No. 537, Eff. April 15, 2015. Amended by P.A.2016, No. 477, Eff. April 5, 2017.
Footnotes
1 M.C.L.A. § 324.41302.
324.41303. Possession of live prohibited or restricted species; prohibition; exceptions; notice requirements
Sec. 41303. (1) A person shall not knowingly possess a live organism if the organism is a prohibited species or restricted species, except under 1 or more of the following circumstances:
(a) The person intends to present a specimen of the prohibited species or restricted species, for identification or similar purposes, to a person who is a certified applicator or registered applicator under part 83,1 to a public or private institution of higher education, or to the department of natural resources, the department of agriculture and rural development, or any other state, local, or federal agency with responsibility for the environment, natural resources, or agriculture.
(b) The person has been presented with a specimen of a prohibited species or restricted species for identification or similar purposes under subdivision (a).
(c) The person possesses the prohibited species or restricted species in conjunction with otherwise lawful activity to eradicate or control the prohibited species or restricted species.
(d) The possession is pursuant to a permit issued for education or research purposes by the relevant department under section 413062 or, if the prohibited species or restricted species is a plant species or an insect other than a wiggler, by the United States Department of Agriculture.
(e) The species is an aquatic restricted species and the person possesses the species in compliance with an order under section 41302(6).3
(2) A person described in subsection (1)(b) or (c) shall notify the department of natural resources, the department of agriculture and rural development, or the department of environmental quality if the prohibited species or restricted species was found at a location where it was not previously known to be present.
Credits
P.A.1994, No. 451, § 41303, added by P.A.2003, No. 270, Eff. March 30, 2004. Amended by P.A.2005, No. 78, Imd. Eff. July 19, 2005; P.A.2009, No. 52, Eff. Sept. 21, 2009; P.A.2014, No. 537, Eff. April 15, 2015; P.A.2018, No. 451, Eff. March 21, 2019.
Footnotes
1 M.C.L.A. § 324.8301 et seq.
2 M.C.L.A. § 324.41306.
3 M.C.L.A. § 324.41302.
324.41305. Introduction of prohibited or restricted species, genetically engineered or nonnative bird, crustacean, fish, insect, mammal, mollusk, or aquatic plant; prohibition; exceptions
Sec. 41305. A person shall not introduce a prohibited species, a restricted species, a genetically engineered or nonnative bird, crustacean, fish, insect, mammal, mollusk, or aquatic plant unless the introduction is authorized by 1 of the following, as applicable:
(a) For a fish, by a permit issued by the department of natural resources under section 48735.1
(b) For a plant or an insect other than a wiggler, by a permit issued by the department of agriculture and rural development under section 41306.2
(c) For any other species, by a permit issued by the department of natural resources under section 41306.
Credits
P.A.1994, No. 451, § 41305, added by P.A.2003, No. 270, Eff. March 30, 2004. Amended by P.A.2005, No. 79, Imd. Eff. July 19, 2005; P.A.2009, No. 52, Eff. Sept. 21, 2009; P.A.2014, No. 537, Eff. April 15, 2015.
Footnotes
1 M.C.L.A. § 324.48735.
2 M.C.L.A. § 324.41306.