5:15-1 . Legislative findings and declarations
5:15-2 . Definitions
5:15-3 . Assumption of inherent risks
5:15-4 . Participation in equestrian activities under the influence of alcohol or drugs
5:15-5 . Assumption of risk as bar to suit or complete defense
5:15-6 . Written injury report; submission to operator as precondition to suit
5:15-7 . Limitations
5:15-8 . Limitations; injuries to minors
5:15-9 . Exception to limitations on operator liability
5:15-10 . Posting of warning signs
5:15-11 . Additional defenses; public entities or employees
5:15-12 . Exception; horse racing
5:15-1. Legislative findings and declarations
The Legislature finds and declares that equine animal activities are practiced by a large number of citizens of this State; that equine animal activities attract large numbers of nonresidents to the State; that those activities significantly contribute to the economy of this State; and that horse farms are a major land use which preserves open space.
The Legislature further finds and declares that equine animal activities involve risks that are essentially impractical or impossible for the operator to eliminate; and that those risks must be borne by those who engage in those activities.
The Legislature therefore determines that the allocation of the risks and costs of equine animal activities is an important matter of public policy and it is appropriate to state in law those risks that the participant voluntarily assumes for which there can be no recovery.
CREDIT(S)
L.1997, c. 287, § 1, eff. Jan. 8, 1998.
As used in this act:
"Equestrian area" means all of the real and personal property under the control of the operator or on the premises of the operator which are being occupied, by license, lease, fee simple or otherwise, including but not limited to designated trail areas, designated easements or rights-of-way for access to trails, and other areas utilized for equine animal activities.
"Equine animal" means a horse, pony, mule or donkey.
"Equine animal activity" means any activity that involves the use of an equine animal and shall include selling equipment and tack; transportation, including the loading and off-loading for travel to or from a horse show or trail system; inspecting, or evaluating an equine animal belonging to another person whether or not the person has received compensation; placing or replacing shoes on an animal equine; and veterinary treatment on an equine animal.
"Inherent risk or risks of an equine animal activity" means those dangers which are an integral part of equine animal activity, which shall include but need not be limited to:
a. The propensity of an equine animal to behave in ways that result in injury, harm, or death to nearby persons;
b. The unpredictability of an equine animal's reaction to such phenomena as sounds, sudden movement and unfamiliar objects, persons or other animals;
c. Certain natural hazards, such as surface or subsurface ground conditions;
d. Collisions with other equine animals or with objects; and
e. The potential of a participant to act in a negligent manner that may contribute to injury to the participant or others, including but not limited to failing to maintain control over the equine animal or not acting within the participant's ability.
"Operator" means a person or entity who owns, manages, controls or directs the operation of an area where individuals engage in equine animal activities whether or not compensation is paid. "Operator" shall also include an agency of this State, political subdivisions thereof or instrumentality of said entities, or any individual or entity acting on behalf of an operator for all or part of such activities.
"Participant" means any person, whether an amateur or professional, engaging in an equine animal activity, whether or not a fee is paid to engage in the equine animal activity or, if a minor, the natural guardian, or trainer of that person standing in loco parentis, and shall include anyone accompanying the participant, or any person coming onto the property of the provider of equine animal activities or equestrian area whether or not an invitee or person pays consideration.
"Spectator" means a person who is present in an equestrian area for the purpose of observing animal equine activities whether or not an invitee.
CREDIT(S)
L.1997, c. 287, § 2, eff. Jan. 8, 1998.
5:15-3. Assumption of inherent risks
A participant and spectator are deemed to assume the inherent risks of equine animal activities created by equine animals, weather conditions, conditions of trails, riding rings, training tracks, equestrians, and all other inherent conditions. Each participant is assumed to know the range of his ability and it shall be the duty of each participant to conduct himself within the limits of such ability to maintain control of his equine animal and to refrain from acting in a manner which may cause or contribute to the injury of himself or others, loss or damage to person or property, or death which results from participation in an equine animal activity.
CREDIT(S)
L.1997, c. 287, § 3, eff. Jan. 8, 1998.
5:15-4. Participation in equestrian activities under the influence of alcohol or drugs
A participant or a spectator shall not engage in, attempt to engage in, or interfere with, an equine animal activity if he is knowingly under the influence of any alcoholic beverage as defined in R.S.33:1-1 or under the influence of any prescription, legend drug or controlled dangerous substance as is defined in P.L.1970, c. 226 (C.24:21-1 et seq.), or any other substance that affects the individual's ability to safely engage in the equine animal activity and abide by the posted and stated instructions. The operator may prevent a participant or a spectator who is perceptibly or apparently under the influence of drugs or alcohol, from engaging in, or interfering with, an equine animal activity or being in an equestrian area. An operator who prevents a participant or a spectator from engaging in, or interfering with, an equine animal activity, or being in an equestrian area in accordance with this section shall not be criminally or civilly liable in any manner or to any extent whatsoever if the operator has a reasonable basis for believing that the participant or spectator is under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
CREDIT(S)
L.1997, c. 287, § 4, eff. Jan. 8, 1998.
5:15-5. Assumption of risk as bar to suit or complete defense
The assumption of risk set forth in section 3 of this act [FN1] shall be a complete bar of suit and shall serve as a complete defense to a suit against an operator by a participant for injuries resulting from the assumed risks, notwithstanding the provisions of P.L.1973, c. 146 (C.2A:15-5.1 et seq.) relating to comparative negligence. Failure of a participant to conduct himself within the limits of his abilities as provided in section 3 of this act shall bar suit against an operator to compensate for injuries resulting from equine animal activities, where such failure is found to be a contributory factor in the resulting injury.
[FN1] N.J.S.A. § 5:15-3.
CREDIT(S)
L.1997, c. 287, § 5, eff. Jan. 8, 1998.
5:15-6. Written injury report; submission to operator as precondition to suit
a. As a precondition to bringing any suit in connection with a participant injury against an operator, a participant shall submit a written report to the operator setting forth all details of any accident or incident as soon as possible, but in no event longer than 180 days from the time of the accident or incident giving rise to the suit.
b. The report shall include at least the following: The participant's name and address, a brief description of the accident or incident, the location of the accident or incident, the alleged cause of the accident or incident, the names of any other persons involved in the accident or incident and witnesses, if any. If it is not practicable to submit the report within 180 days because of severe physical disability resulting from a participant accident or incident, the report shall be submitted as soon as practicable. This section is not applicable with respect to an equestrian area unless the operator conspicuously posts notice to participants of the requirements of the section.
c. A participant who fails to submit the report within 180 days from the time of the accident or incident may be permitted to submit the report at any time within one year after the accident or incident, if in the discretion of a judge of the Superior Court the operator is not substantially prejudiced thereby. Application to the court for permission to submit a late report shall be made upon motion based on affidavits showing sufficient reasons for the participant's failure to give the report within 180 days from the time of the accident or incident.
CREDIT(S)
L.1997, c. 287, § 6, eff. Jan. 8, 1998.
Notwithstanding any provision of this act, or any other law to the contrary, an action for injury or death against an operator, an equestrian area or its employees or owner, whether based upon tort or breach of contract or otherwise arising out of equine animal activities, shall be commenced no later than two years after the occurrence of the incident or earliest of incidents giving rise to the cause of action.
CREDIT(S)
L.1997, c. 287, § 7, eff. Jan. 8, 1998.
5:15-8. Limitations; injuries to minors
If a participant accident or incident, or an action based upon an equine animal activity or incident, involves a minor, the time limits set forth in sections 6 and 7 of this act [FN1] shall not begin to run against the minor until the minor reaches the age of majority, unless there was present to approve conditions and riding ability a person standing in loco parentis, who made these decisions for the minor in activities including but not limited to horse shows, trying a horse for sale, riding lessons, trail rides, and demonstrations.
[FN1] N.J.S.A. §§ 5:15-6 and 5:15-7.
CREDIT(S)
L.1997, c. 287, § 8, eff. Jan. 8, 1998.
5:15-9. Exception to limitations on operator liability
Notwithstanding any provisions of sections 3 and 4 of this act [FN1] to the contrary, the following actions or lack thereof on the part of operators shall be exceptions to the limitation on liability for operators:
a. Knowingly providing equipment or tack that is faulty to the extent that it causes or contributes to injury.
b. Failure to make reasonable and prudent efforts to determine the participant's ability to safely manage the particular equine animal, based on the participant's representation of his ability, or the representation of the guardian, or trainer of that person standing in loco parentis, if a minor.
c. A case in which the participant is injured or killed by a known dangerous latent condition on property owned or controlled by the equine animal activity operator and for which warning signs have not been posted.
d. An act or omission on the part of the operator that constitutes negligent disregard for the participant's safety, which act or omission causes the injury, and
e. Intentional injuries to the participant caused by the operator.
[FN1] N.J.S.A. §§ 5:15-3 and 5:15-4.
CREDIT(S)
L.1997, c. 287, § 9, eff. Jan. 8, 1998.
5:15-10. Posting of warning signs
All operators shall post and maintain signs on all lands owned or leased thereby and used for equine activities, which signs shall be posted in a manner that makes them visible to all participants and which shall contain the following notice in large capitalized print:
"WARNING: UNDER NEW JERSEY LAW, AN EQUESTRIAN AREA OPERATOR IS NOT LIABLE FOR AN INJURY TO OR THE DEATH OF A PARTICIPANT IN EQUINE ANIMAL ACTIVITIES RESULTING FROM THE INHERENT RISKS OF EQUINE ANIMAL ACTIVITIES, PURSUANT TO P.L.1997, c.287 (C.5:15-1 et seq)."
Individuals or entities providing equine animal activities on behalf of an operator, and not the operator, shall be required to post and maintain signs required by this section.
CREDIT(S)
L.1997, c. 287, § 10, eff. Jan. 8, 1998.
5:15-11. Additional defenses; public entities or employees
The provisions of this act are cumulative with the defenses available to a public entity or public employee under the "New Jersey Tort Claims Act", N.J.S.59:1-1 et seq.
CREDIT(S)
L.1997, c. 287, § 11, eff. Jan. 8, 1998.
5:15-12. Exception; horse racing
This act shall not apply to the horse racing industry.
CREDIT(S)
L.1997, c. 287, § 12, eff. Jan. 8, 1998.